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Are post-mortem methemoglobin concentrations valid indicators of anti-mortem methemoglobinemia? No-postmortem methemoglobin concentrations do not predict anti-mortem methemoglobinemia. In a study performed in Seattle, WA, samples were taken from heart blood in 49 autopsies (in which the deaths were not related to methemoglobinemia). They revealed methemoglobin…

Are post-mortem methemoglobin concentrations valid indicators of anti-mortem methemoglobinemia? No-postmortem methemoglobin concentrations do not predict anti-mortem methemoglobinemia. In a study performed in Seattle, WA, samples were taken from heart blood in 49 autopsies (in which the deaths were not related to methemoglobinemia). They revealed methemoglobin…

Which is the best statement for the benefit of using myeloid colony-stimulating factor for acute radiation-induced myelosuppression? A. Improves survival of adults, and not children, exposed to myelosuppressive doses of radiation.  B. Improves survival of children, and not adults, exposed to myelosuppressive doses of radiation….

Which vesicant (blister agent) can cause delayed pain and blister formation? Sulfur mustard. Its pain onset hours after exposure Clark, R. (2022). poisoning and drug overdose: warfare agents-chemical (8th ed.). McGraw Hill. Contributed by: Reem Alsultan, PharmD

What toxic substance is in nail polish remover, and what toxic substance is in nail remover (glue remover)? What toxicities can result from ingestion of each? 1.nail polish remover contains acetone. Acetone is also produced when alcohol dehydrogenase metabolizes isopropanolol. Acetone can cause ketosis without…

Historical QOD 1/22/2009: Describe the mechanism of action of sitagliptin for use in type II diabetes mellitus. Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor. By inhibition of DPP-4, sitagliptin enhances post-prandial levels of active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), subsequently leading to a rise in insulin…

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is used therapeutically and for cosmetic reasons, and BoNT dosing is measured in functional units. How are these units calculated and are they consistent between the various preparations of BoNT? The functional units correspond to the median intraperitoneal lethal dose in female…

What is the mechanism by which patients on serotonergic agents are theoretically at an increased risk of developing serotonin toxicity with the administration of methylene blue? Serotonin is degraded by monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) enzyme. Methylene blue has been shown in an in vitro study…

What antique item is shown in the picture, and which potent organochlorine and hepatotoxin might it have once contained (or still contain)? Fire grenades are glass containers that were filled with various salts and solvents and thrown at fires, where they would shatter, and then…

Which of the following statements is correct regarding F(ab’)2 AV (Anavip)?  A. It is an ovine-derived antivenom  B. The elimination half-life is longer than polyvalent immune Fab AV (Crofab)  C. The recommended control dose is 4-6 vials followed by maintenance doses of 2 vials every…