Administrator Clintox - One

In a prospective cohort study investigating the effect of xylazine in ED patients with suspected illicit opioid overdose, were clinical outcomes more or less severe in those testing testing positive for xylazine + illicit opioids vs. illicit opioids alone? Less severe. The primary outcome of…

In a recent article discussing phenibut withdrawal, what is the most commonly utilized medication class to help attenuate symptoms? Benzodiazepines Feldman, Ryan, Brian Autry, Joanna Dukes, Thomas Lofy, Gina Marchetti, Amber Patt, Nicole Batterman, and Jillian Theobald. “A Systematic Review of Phenibut Withdrawal Focusing on…

N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a psychodysleptic substance found in several plants and is used by native Amazonians (in the form of a beverage called ayahuasca). In rabbits injected with 131 I-labeled DMT, for how long did it remain detectable in the brain after administration? 7…

In a study of patients who were taking digoxin, researchers administered a test of color vision. What percent of patients with a digoxin concentration in the therapeutic range tested as having deficiencies in color vision? 20% of patients with therapeutic concentrations of digoxin in this…

Historical QOD 2/24/2009: Comfrey, or “knitbone” (Symphytum officinale), has long been used in herbal medicine for a variety of ailments, especially disorders of bone and teeth.  What is the predominant hepatic toxicity following comfrey ingestion, and what compounds are responsible for this toxicity Hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine…

In a study of 120 patients that compared a nurse’s assessment of the COWS (Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale) score to a physician’s assessment, how many of the 11 measures showed a substantial agreement between nurses and physicians? Only one measure had a substantial agreement, which…

What is the most common ocular finding seen after isopropanol ingestion? Miotic pupils is the most common ocular finding after isopropanol ingestion. Gallagher, N., & Edwards, F. J. (2019). The Diagnosis and Management of Toxic Alcohol Poisoning in the Emergency Department: A Review Article. Advanced…

What drugs have been reported to cause oculogyric crisis? Drugs that have been reported to cause oculogyric crises include: first generation antipsychotics (haldol, chlorpromazine, etc.), second generation antipsychotics (risperidone, aripiprazole, quetiapine, etc.), antidepressants (escitalopram), and anticonvulsants (lamotrigine, carbamazepine, and gabapentin). Mahal, P., Suthar, N., &…

What are some of the proposed mechanisms of oculogyric crisis? According to the cited reference, the exact mechanism of oculogyric crisis is unknown. Proposed mechanisms include striatal dopaminergic hypoactivity, striatal cholinergic hyperactivity, and striatal dopaminergic hyperactivity (rare). Non-drug induced oculogyric crises may be due to…

Historical QOD 2/19/2009:  What is the specific risk to the fetus associated with maternal use of benzodiazepines during the first trimester of pregnancy? How about during the late third trimester? Benzodiazepines should not be used in the first trimester because of the risk of oral…