Administrator Clintox - One

Among the following anticonvulsant agents, which would be expected to exhibit the most worrisome cardiotoxicity in an acute overdose? A) phenytoin B) cannabidiol C) levitriacetam D) carbemazepine E) perampanel D) Carbamazepine. Carbamazepine is active at voltage gated sodium channels, and shares structural similarities to the…

Historical QOD 3/6/2009: True or False:  All of the fatalities from the 1995 sarin attack on the Tokyo subway system resulted from exposure to liquid sarin rather than sarin vapor and occurred within 48 hours of the exposure. False. One 51-year-old man who inhaled sarin…

Selenium is an element essential to life, and found in trace amounts in humans obtained from dietary sources. In certain forms, however, it is an immediate threat to life. Which form of selenium occurs as a gas with a characteristic horseradish or rotten egg scent,…

Among patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, which of the following subtypes of either PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) or CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4) is more likely to lead to toxicity including pneumonitis? PD-1 agents including nivolumab and pembrolizumab are more likely…

Nearly 400 children in or around the Zamfara State in Nigeria were killed by what exposure resulting from improper mining techniques? Lead. According to the cited source, “Natural weathering of lead-rich gold ores before mining formed abundant, highly gastric-bioaccessible lead carbonates. The same fingerprint of…

What is a “margarita burn” and which toxins are implicated in its pathogenesis? A margarita burn is a type of phytophotodermatitis that occurs when lime juice on an individuals skin is exposed to excessive sunlight. The compound responsible for the burns are furocoumarins which are…

Historical QOD 3/5/2009: What is Bromo-Dragonfly? Bromo-Dragonfly, also called ABDF, is a psychedelic hallucinogen recently banned in Denmark after the overdose death of an 18-year-old female. Andreasen MF, Telving R, Birkler RI, Schumacher B, Johannsen M. A fatal poisoning involving Bromo-Dragonfly. Forensic Sci Int. 2009…

In this multicenter, randomized trial designed to determine the effect of intubation withholding vs routine practice on clinical outcomes of comatose patients with acute poisoning and a Glasgow Coma Scale score less than 9, what was the most common toxin ingested by study participants? Alcohol…

What are important considerations regarding the administration of dimercaprol (BAL)? BAL has a narrow therapeutic index and is formulated in peanut oil. Treatment requires frequent IM dose administrations in which formulation causes significant pain and subcutaneous reactions at injection sites. A Case of Severe Lead…

What is the major concern for pediatric ingestions of water beads? Ingestion can lead to fatal bowel obstructions. Water beads are typically made of polyacrylamide, a non-toxic and biodegradable polymer. They begin as sub-centimeter pellets and expand up to 5 cm in diameter, 200 times…