Administrator Clintox - One

Historical QOD 3/19/2009: What are chemical reactivity sheets? They are consolidated tables of health-and-safety information for chemical agents. Although they were designed as improvements on Material Safety Data Sheets, they may still fail to identify critical information or falsely attribute hazards to chemicals. (J Chem…

In a retrospective study evaluating pulmonary edema following recreational opioid overdose, was there a correlation between total amount of naloxone received and degree of hypoxia? No there was not Kummer RL, Kempainen RR, Olives TD, Leatherman JW, Prekker ME. Naloxone-associated pulmonary edema following recreational opioid…

In the double-blind, randomized study of naloxone vs nalmefene, which group of patients experienced the greatest number of adverse events? Adverse events occurred with nearly twice as many patients in the 2-mg nalmefene group (17/55 [30.9%]) as either the 1-mg nalmefene group (10/63 [15.9%]) or…

What is the proposed mechanism by which carbapenem antibiotics decrease serum valproic acid concentrations? Carbapenems, like ertapenem and meropenem, and to a lesser extent imipenem/cilistatin, inhibit acylpeptide hydrolase in hepatocytes. This enzyme is responsible for deconjugating the glucuronic acid group from valproate acid glucuronide (VPAg)….

What common oxidizing component used in rocket fuel, implicated in occupational disasters with the Apollo-Soyuz and Titan II missile explosions, can cause upper airway corrosion, pneumonitis and potentially methemoglobinemia? Dinitrogen tetroxide https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/MMG/MMGDetails.aspx?mmgid=394&toxid=69 Contributed by Mason Jackson, MD

Historical QOD 3/17/2009: What drugs have been associated with the development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)? Classic cytotoxics and immunosuppressants (e.g., cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and mycophenolate mofetil) as well as more recently introduced drugs, such as the B-cell-depleting monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody rituximab, the T-cell-depleting monoclonal anti-CD52…

Which is plant has higher potency, Abrus pecatorious or Ricin communis Abrin is more potent/lethal with toxic dose of 0.1-1mcg/kg while ricin is 1-20mg/kg Audi J, Belson M, Patel M, Schier J, Osterloh J. Ricin Poisoning: A Comprehensive Review. JAMA. 2005;294(18):2342–2351. doi:10.1001/jama.294.18.2342, https://www.poison.org/articles/are-rosary-peas-poisonous-194, https://www.poison.org/articles/what-happens-if-i-eat-castor-beans-222 Contributed…

What toxin is produced by this plant? Ricinus communis/castor beans contain ricin. Audi J, Belson M, Patel M, Schier J, Osterloh J. Ricin Poisoning: A Comprehensive Review. JAMA. 2005;294(18):2342–2351. doi:10.1001/jama.294.18.2342, https://www.poison.org/articles/are-rosary-peas-poisonous-194, https://www.poison.org/articles/what-happens-if-i-eat-castor-beans-222 Contributed by Mason Jackson, MD

What toxin is produced by this plant? Abrus precatorious/rosary pea contains abrin Audi J, Belson M, Patel M, Schier J, Osterloh J. Ricin Poisoning: A Comprehensive Review. JAMA. 2005;294(18):2342–2351. doi:10.1001/jama.294.18.2342, https://www.poison.org/articles/are-rosary-peas-poisonous-194, https://www.poison.org/articles/what-happens-if-i-eat-castor-beans-222 Contributed by Mason Jackson, MD

What feared occupational pulmonary complication can be seen in “fire-eaters” and those who lubricate machinery or spray pesticides/paints? Lipoid Pneumonia due to chronic inhalation of mineral oils and hydrocarbons “Betancourt SL, Martinez-Jimenez S, Rossi SE, Truong MT, Carrillo J, Erasmus JJ. Lipoid pneumonia: spectrum of…