Administrator Clintox - One

Use of this drug, for its antioxidant effects, may decrease the toxicity secondary to aluminum phosphide?   N-Acetylcysteine. Tehrani et al. in a prospective, randomized, open-label trial evaluated the effects of NAC on patients with acute aluminum phosphide toxicity. In the NAC group, there was…

Unlike research suggestive of a ‘ceiling effect’ for respiratory depression after higher doses of buprenorphine in adults, pediatric exposures to buprenorphine result in respiratory depression not insignificantly. What is one proposed mechanism for this?   P-Glycoprotein (P-gp). P-gp plays an important role against toxicity by…

What are some potential causes of a false positive ethylene glycol result by enzymatic assay? 1. Diabetic Ketoacidosis 2. Elevated Lactate and LDH 3. Propylene glycol   Carlos Martinez, MD, Hanna Lubbos, MD, Leslie I. Rose, MD, Charles Swartz, MD, and Fredrick Kayne, PhD (1998)…

Two patients present to the hospital with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea that started 12 hours after ingestion of a meal they prepared with foraged mushrooms. What qualititative test can be done to determine if the mushrooms contain amatoxin?   Wieland-Meixner test. The Meixner test has…

Atractyloside and gummiferin (carboxyatractiloside) are the toxic components of the Mediterranean thistle, Atractylis gummifera L., also called the Addad plant in Morocco. A recent report described 3 fatalities in children accidentally ingesting this plant. What is the mechanism of action of these two toxins?  …

Serum creatinine may be elevated in the setting of normal renal function. Etiologies include decreased creatinine excretion, increased production creatinine, consumption of excess quantities of creatine and interference with laboratory assays. What drugs are implicated as a cause of reduced tubular secretion of creatinine?  …

In a patient receiving dantrolene, calcium channel blockers are contraindicated because of this potential life-threatening effect?   Hyperkalemia and cardiovascular collapse. In an older swine study done by Saltzman LS et al., dantrolene administration in swine pre-treated with verapamil resulted in decreased cardiac function and…

This ratio of CBD/THC has been suggested to be helpful when differentiating between marijuana use from consumption of commercial CBD Products?   10:1 CBD/THC. Goggin MM et al. developed an LC–MS/MS method for the quantitation of CBD, 7-COOH-CBD, THC, and 11-COOH-THC in urine was developed…

What is the toxic component in the European elderberry?   Sambunigrin which is a cyanogenic glycoside. Buhrmester Ra et al. Sambunigrin and cyanogenic variability in populations of Sambucus canadensis L. (Caprifoliaceae). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 2000; 28(7): 689-695.

What was the most commonly reported symptom in patients exposed to liquid laundry detergent packets?   Vomiting. A retrospective review of 18 months exposures reported to US poison centers identified over 13,000 cases involving liquid laundry detergent packets followed to a known outcome. Approximately 89%…